Page 28 - Delaware Medical Journal - January/February 2019
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Research findings show that nearly 39,000 cancers each year in the United States are caused by HPV infection. The majority of these cancers are caused by types 16 or 18 of HPV.
BRFSS data suppression guidelines
were followed for the reporting of
results, namely: numerator less than 5; interval more than 20 points wide. If any of these guidelines are not met for a given cell, the results for that cell were to be suppressed.
RESULTS
HPV vaccination among adults aged 18–29 years by year (See Table 1) by year in the U.S. from 16.8% in 2011
to 32.1% in 2015. In 2016, the coverage dropped to 23.8%.
In 2011, three states completed the
HPV module (Connecticut, Tennessee, and Wisconsin). Nearly 17% of the respondents had received an HPV vaccine, with Connecticut having the highest number of HPV vaccine recipients (24%). In 2012, eight states completed the HPV module (Alabama, Arizona, Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Massachusetts, Texas, and West Virginia). Nearly 19% of
the respondents had received an HPV vaccine. In 2012, Delawareans were
more likely to report HPV vaccination
the HPV module (Connecticut, Hawaii, Massachusetts, Mississippi, and Rhode Island). 29% of the overall respondents had received an HPV vaccine, with Rhode Island being the highest (36.4%) and Mississippi the lowest (15.7%). In 2014, eight states completed the HPV module (Alabama, Delaware, Georgia, Indiana, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Rhode Island, and Wyoming). 28% of the overall respondents had received an HPV vaccine in 2014, with Rhode Island leading HPV completed the HPV module (Georgia, Massachusetts, Missouri, South Carolina, and West Virginia). 32.1% of the overall respondents had received an HPV vaccine in 2015, with Massachusetts leading HPV
(Georgia, Massachusetts, Missouri, South Carolina, and West Virginia) and in
2016, nine states (Alabama, Connecticut, Hawaii, Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, South Carolina, South Dakota, and Texas) completed the HPV module.
Variables
Analyses were conducted by year on
adult respondents in the 18-29-year age group. Data were also combined for the sample for males and females in the 18- 29-year age group (since HPV vaccination recommendations for males were made available in 2011, it was thought prudent to skip 2012 for the combined data analyses).
Dependent variable
HPV vaccination initiation coverage
was calculated as the percentage of the selected population answering yes to the question “Have you ever had the HPV vaccination?” (>=1 dose of the three-dose series). Completion of HPV vaccination completed all three doses of HPV vaccine among those who had initiated HPV vaccination.
Independent variables
The available data was measured as race (coded as 1=White, Non-Hispanic, 2= Black, Non-Hispanic, 3= Hispanic; 4=other); sex (coded as 1=male, 2 school, 2=college graduate or above); marital status (1=unmarried, 2=couple, (married or other) 3=single, (divorced, widowed, separated)); income (1=
<25,000, 2=25,000 to <50,000, 3=50,000 or more), and insurance (1=yes, 2=no).
smear (“A Pap test is a test for cancer
of the cervix. Have you ever had a Pap test?”), having a personal doctor (“Do
you have one person you think of as your personal doctor or health care provider?”), and receiving an HIV test (“Have you ever been tested for HIV?”) were also included in the analyses.9, 10, 11
Metropolitan statistical area (MSA) status was determined based on household- reported county of residence, and was grouped into four categories: MSA central city, MSA non-central city, inside suburban county of MSA, and non-
MSA. Non-MSA areas include urban populations not located within an MSA as well as completely rural areas.
Statistical analyses
SAS software 9.3 (RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina) was used to account for the complex sample design of BRFSS when generating 12 Descriptive estimates were calculated
variables listed above. Two-tailed
for differences in prevalence between population subgroups (P < .05). In the a missing study outcome (“Don’t know/ Not sure/Refused to answer” about HPV vaccination) were not included. Data were combined for the years 2013-2016 and females for analysis. Three standard
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Del Med J | January/February 2019 | Vol. 91 | No. 1
