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predicted risk for Black and Hispanic people by 10% and 4.2%, respectively, after controlling for other standard risk factors.16 Similar findings have been observed for mortgages.17
Misinformation and Bias in Criminal Justice
Prevailing research suggests that Black and Hispanic individuals are likely to pay higher interest rates for mort- gages and more for insurance coverage because biases in AI generate misin- formation.18 Research also suggests that AI algorithms perpetuate bias conse- quences at multiple stages in the crimi- nal justice system, i.e., law enforcement, courts and corrections.
AI technology, which is expand- ing in law enforcement agencies, has been mired in controversy because of its disparate effect on people of color. Although tension between police and
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