Page 35 - Delaware Medical Journal - January/February 2019
P. 35

ORIGINAL RESEARCH
  recommendations. However, it would be interesting to monitor the same in the coming years.
LIMITATIONS
There are several limitations to this study. HPV vaccination data from BRFSS are self-reported. Young adults might not be able to recall accurately which vaccines they received as adolescents. As a result, HPV vaccination may be underestimated. Secondly, not all states participate in the HPV vaccination module. The data set was limited to participating states for each year. Thirdly, small sample sizes, especially for the combined data for males, resulted in unreliable estimates and had to be suppressed according to the BRFSS guidelines.
In spite of these limitations, examining the prevalence of HPV vaccination       variation in sub groups. Future studies could seek to explore and address these disparities in HPV vaccination coverage.
CONCLUSION
Each year in the United States, an estimated 39,000 cancers are attributed to HPV infection.1 The majority of
these cancers could be prevented by receipt of the 9-valent HPV vaccine.1,2 Except for cervical cancer, there are
no routine recommended screening practices for other cancers, such as oropharyngeal and anal cancers caused by HPV infections. Improvement in
HPV vaccination coverage will reduce the health consequences of HPV infections among adults. This report shows HPV vaccination coverage among both males and females remains below the HP2020 objective. The study also highlights disparities in HPV vaccination
coverage, thus providing baseline data
for implementing strategies and targeting interventions to improve HPV vaccination practices.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
      
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The author would like to thank the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System for making available the data for this research.
CONTRIBUTING AUTHOR
■ SANGEETAGUPTA,MD,MPHisanAssociate Professor in the Department of Public and Allied Health Sciences at Delaware State University. Her primary research interest is in the area of chronic diseases. She is also currently DSU PI for the CTR- ACCEL program in Delaware.
REFERENCES
1. Viens LJ, Henley SJ, Watson M, et al. Human papillomavirus-associated cancers — United States, 2008–2012. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016; 65:661–6. www.cdc.gov/ mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6526a1.htm
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Why is HPV Vaccine Important? www.cdc. gov/hpv/hcp/hpv-important.html Accessed August 25, 2017.
3. Iversen O-E, Miranda MJ, Ulied A, et al. Immunogenicity of the 9-valent HPV vaccine using 2-dose regimens in girls and boys vs. a 3-dose regimen in women. JAMA 2016; 316:2411–21.
4. Meites E, Kempe A, Markowitz LE. Use of a 2-Dose Schedule for Human Papillomavirus Vaccination — Updated Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016; 65:1405–1408. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6549a5
5. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Office of Disease Prevention and
Health Promotion. Healthy People 2020. Immunization and Infectious Diseases. IID–11.4 3 doses Human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV) for females by age 13 to
15 years. Washington, DC: 201 www. healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/ topic/immunization-and-infectious-diseases/ objectives
6. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy People 2020. www. healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/ topic/immunization-and-infectious-diseases/ objectives Accessed August 28, 2017.
7. Du P, Camacho F, McCall-Hosenfeld J, Lengerich, E, Meyers C, Christensen N. Human papillomavirus vaccination among adults and children in five US states. J Public Health Manag Pract. 2015 ; 21(6): 573–583. doi:10.1097/PHH.0000000000000271
8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System. www.cdc.gov/brfss/data_tools.html Accessed May 1, 2017.
9. Fuller KM, Hinyard L. Factors Associated with HPV Vaccination in Young Males. J Community Health. 2017. doi: 10.1007/s10900-017- 0361-4.
10. Williams WW, Lu PJ, Saraiya M, Yankey D, Dorell C, Rodriguez JL, Kepka D, Markowitz LE.Vaccine. 2013;31(28):2937-46. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.04.041.
11. Reagan-Steiner S, Yankey D, Jeyarajah
J, Elam-Evans LD, Curtis CR, MacNeil
J, Markowitz LE, Singleton JA. National, Regional, State and Selected Local Area Vaccination Coverage Among Adolescents Aged 13-17 Years –United States, 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016; 65(33):850-8. doi: 10.15585/mmwr. mm6533a4.
12. Statistical Analysis Software (SAS). SAS for Windows, version 9.3. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.; 2011.
13. Niccolai LM, Mehta NR, Hadler JL. Racial/ Ethnic and poverty disparities in human papillomavirus vaccination completion. Am J Prev Med. 2011; (4):428-33. doi: 10.1016/j. amepre.2011.06.032.
14. Jeudin P, Liveright E1, Del Carmen MG, Perkins RB. Race, ethnicity, and income factors impacting human papillomavirus vaccination rates. Clin Ther. 2014; 36(1):24- 37. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2013.11.001.
15. Williams WW, Lu P, O’Halloran A, et al. Surveillance of Vaccination Coverage Among Adult Populations — United States, 2014. MMWR Surveill Summ 2016; 65(No. SS-1)(No. SS-1):1–36. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.15585/mmwr.ss6501a1.
                 Del Med J | January/February 2019 | Vol. 91 | No. 1
35



























































   33   34   35   36   37