Page 30 - Delaware Medical Journal - January/February 2021

others with opposite reactions such as aggression or hyper arousal.42 Survivors may appear to reject services and attempts at intervention. Regardless of response
to the HT situation, the TIC approach
to promote empathy and safety for all involved should be used. Clinicians and MDT members should make efforts to recognize and address their own vicarious trauma responses and need to be aware
of their own perceptions and responses

TIC.42 Health care providers often subconsciously take on stressors of their patients, which can lead to compassion fatigue and early burnout especially when attempts at “rescue” are futile. It is
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2. Zimmerman C, Stockl H. Human trafficking. World Health Organization. 2012. Retrieved March 6, 2019, from https://apps.who.int/ iris/bitstream/handle/10665/77394/WHO_RHR_12.42_eng. pdf;jsessionid=D58E75C12D4870FBB9B50B0F8FB36E5B?sequence=1.
3. Polaris Project. Human trafficking. 2019. Retrieved March 27th 2019 from https://polarisproject.org/human-trafficking?gclid=EAIaIQobChMInvWgss6 d4QIV1QOGCh14pQQDEAAYASAAEgJjAfD_BwE.
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6. Reid JA. Entrapment and enmeshment schemes used by sex traffickers. Sex Abuse 2016;28:491-511.
7. Smith L, Vardaman S, Snow M. The national report on domestic minor sex trafficking: America’s prostituted children. 2009. In: Shared Hope International (Ed). Retrieved March 25, 2019, from https://sharedhope. org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/SHI_National_Report_on_ DMST_2009.pdf.
8. Williamson C, Prior M. Domestic minor sex trafficking: a network of underground players in the Midwest. J Child Adolesc Trauma 2009;2:46-61.
9. Barnert E, Iqbal Z, Bruce J, Anoshiravani A, Kolhatkar G, Greenbaum J. Commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of children and adolescents: a narrative review. Acad Pediatr 2017;17:825-829.
10. Greenbaum VJ. Child sex trafficking in the United States: challenges for the healthcare provider. PLoS Med 2017;14:e1002439.
11. Greenbaum J, Bodrick N. Global human trafficking and child victimization. Pediatrics 2017;140:1-12.
12. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation. Human trafficking into and within the United States: A review of literature. 2009. Retrieved January 23,
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Goldberg AP, Moore JL, Houck C, Kaplan DM, Barron CE. Domestic minor sex trafficking patients: a retrospective analysis of medical presentation. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2017;30:109-115.
Marsac ML, Kassam-Adams N, Hildenbrand AK, Nicholls E, Winston FK, Leff SS, Fein J. Implementing a trauma-informed approach in pediatric health care networks. JAMA Pediatr 2016;170:70-77.
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important for providers to acknowledge the limitations of their skills and own personal risks, such as a personal history of trauma, to be able to recognize how they may be affecting the care being provided as well as their behavior. To be the best health care provider, one must this can improve overall well-being as well as delivery of the best care for patients.43 Clinicians and MDT members should
be proactive to avoid vicarious trauma, and implement self-care techniques
(like exercise, good sleep hygiene, good nutrition, social networking) to mitigate some of the potential effects of secondary traumatic experiences.
CONCLUSION
health issue, and barriers to survivor provision exist. Trauma-informed care delivery for HT survivors is warranted, but challenges to implementation, including lack of time, training, and resources across the health care setting, persist. An MDT approach to address the multiple and complex psychosocial and legal issues stemming from HT experiences is vital. Additional research is required to establish standardized best practices for care of HT child and adolescent survivors.
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Del Med J | January/February 2021 | Vol. 93 | No. 1