Page 3 - Italian American Herald - March 2021

ITALIAN-AMERICAN HERALD
HISTORY
Celebrating a divided Italy’s long journey toward unity
MARCH 2021 | ITALIANAMERICANHERALD.COM 3
Vol. 8 No. 3 – March 2021
A MONTHLY NEWSPAPER SERVING THE ITALIAN-AMERICAN COMMUNITY
A DIVISION OF TODAY MEDIA Editor & Publisher
Robert F. Martinelli
Art Director
Rosalinda Rocco
This issue’s contributors
Melissa Cannavo-Marino Frank Cipparone Richard A. DiLiberto Jeanne Outlaw-Cannavo Charlie Sacchetti Murray Schulman
Senior correspondent
Jeanne Outlaw-Cannavo
Managing Editor
Al Kemp
Associate Publisher/Director of Advertising
Charles W. Tomlinson Jr.
Advertising Sales
Tanya Tecce
Audience Development Director
David Bergeman
Production Director
Donna Hill
Graphic Designers
Eric Bolis Chris Johnson Shelby Mills
Editor Emeritus
Joseph T. Cannavo
Ciao Bella Living Italian Style
Barbara Ann Zippi
TODAY MEDIA, A MARTINELLI HOLDINGS LLC
President Robert F. Martinelli Secretary-Treasurer Richard Martinelli
In Memoriam
Chairman Angelo R. Martinelli (1927-2018) Vice President Ralph Martinelli (1962-2019)
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Contents
From the Cover / Local ................... 4 News From Italy/Pagina Italiana...... 6 Per I Bambini .................................. 7 The Chef’s Perspective ................... 8 It’s All Good ...................................10 Achiever ........................................11 Vini D’Italia ....................................13 Language ......................................14 Books ............................................15
By Jeanne Outlaw-Cannavo
Italy is well known for its centuries of rule under various Roman emperors. After the fall of Rome
in A.D. 476 the country was divided into a number of city-states ruled by the Pope in Rome and families such as the Medicis in Florence, the Doge in Venice and other wealthy and powerful families throughout the various regions.
Eventually, with alliances through marriage and other pacts, the country morphed into smaller kingdoms. Sardinia, Lombardia, Venezia and Sicilia were all highly coveted and often invaded because of their location and wealth. Rome and central Italy fell under Papal rule and a long succession of rulers from a variety of royal families from Normandy (France) and Spain. There were other invaders
as well who sought control including
the Moors from Africa, rulers from the Byzantine empire and the Greeks who left a lasting influence in Sicily and other areas of the southern region of the peninsula. The Hapsburg Empire (Austria) was a key player in the Lombardy and Venice regions and their influence extended to what is today the southern part of Tyrol.
France and Spain fought for years over control of vast areas of the country. Austria, with the help of Russia, pushed out the French but they came into power again with the rise of Napoleon. He divided the country into three areas. The northern regions of Piedmont, Liguria, Parma, Piacenza, Tuscany, and Rome were placed under control of the French Empire. A newly created Kingdom of Italy, which consisted of Lombardy, Venice, Reggio, Modena, Romagna, and the Marshes, was ruled directly by Napoleon. Finally, the Kingdom of Naples was placed under
the rule of Joseph Bonaparte. In 1814
the Congress of Vienna redistributed
the various regions into the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia, the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, the Duchy of Parma, the Papal States and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
Slowly the idea for a unified Italy
began to take shape. By mid-century the movement for unification, also known
as the Risorgimento, had taken root. In 1848 there were several uprisings, led mostly by the professional classes but they were crushed by the Austrians. It would not be until 1859 that another push for unification was planned by Sardinia’s Prime Minister, Count Camillo di Cavour.
Painting re-creates the moment when Garibaldi disembarked in Marsala, Sicily, on May 11, 1860.
Italian states in the north voted in
1859 and 1860 to join the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia while they also ceded Savoy and Nice to the French. Giuseppe Garibaldi (a native of Piedmont) put together an army who landed in Sicily
and then marched north to Naples where they overthrew the Bourbon rulers. He then turned over these territories to
Victor Emmanuel II, who was the King of Piedmont-Sardinia. The final vote occurred on March 17, 1861, when the Chamber of Deputies of the then Kingdom of Sardinia approved the draft law of the Senate which gave Vittorio Emanuele II the title of King
of the Kingdom of Italy. The final piece of unification occurred in 1870 when Rome and the papal states became the last areas incorporated. In 1871 the Italian capitol was moved from Florence to Rome.
This year will mark the 160th anniversary of the unification of Italy. On Nov. 23, 2012, Italian lawmakers passed a bill to name the celebration “National Day of Unity, of the Constitution, of the anthem and of the flag.”
The celebration of unification is a civil event and is not a public holiday as is the founding of the Republic of Italy in 1946.
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